East Timor :: essays research papers

The Indonesian invasion and occupation of tocopherol Timor is one of the worst atrocities of this century. The occupation has claimed the lives of over 200,000 Timorese people, one-third of the captain population. It continues in defiance of the United Nations Security Council which has twice called on Jakarta to withdraw "without delay" as well as eight General manufacturing Resolutions. It has been maintained with the help of the United States. einsteinium Timor, occupies the eastern half of the island of Timor, which lies between Indonesia and Australia (approximately 300 miles north of Darwin), East Timor is has lots of mountains and is culturally diverse. There are 12 main language groups in East Timor. Today, Tetun is the main East Timorese language with Portuguese spoken among older generations and Bahasa Indonesia among the young. A former Portuguese colony, East Timor is recognized by the United Nations as a non-self-governing territory due for decolonization. I t was on the agenda of the U.N. agenda long before Indonesia invaded and has been the subject of on and move out negotiations, mediated by the U.N. Secretary-General between Portugal and Indonesia since 1983. These talks resulted in the Tripartite agreement to allow a vote on an Indonesian plan to grant East Timor a degree of autonomy. That Indonesia government has agreed that if the East Timorese reject autonomy in the U.N.-organized vote, it will repeal its annexation of East Timor. A U.N.-supervised diversity to independence would then occur. Right now, Peace Brigades International is establishing, upon the written request of the East Timorese Human Rights groups, a permanent presence of international volunteers in East Timor.

Foucault - death of the author :: essays research papers

M. Foucault, "What is an Author?Michel Foucault (1926 1984) dealt with many aspects of social philosophy during his career, but it is his philosophy surrounding the role and dominance of the creator in young literature that this essay aims to deal with. From the 19th century onwards, Foucault notices that through social and political frameworks, the presence of an author vastly dominates the content and categorisation of any exit of that author. He also throws into question the idea of when an author becomes an author and what writings that he produces should become known as his work. The example he gives refers to items such as letters of correspondence or even simple lists that although might have been constructed by the same author of a canonical text, are not recognise as works of literature. What makes works of literature stand out is the content. Indeed, if one can recognise some basic principles of an authors works that may be use to relate previously anonymously pub lished work, does that not disprove the existence of an original author. Foucault argues that when these common principles are identified (he himself recognises four in this essay) another could scarcely produce identically styled work according to these, thus rendering the author obsolete. When considering Marx or Freud who both claim in their work that an individual is only a component of the unconsciousness or political agenda, how can an author as an individual even exist? He recognises the author as a ephemeral figure, only known through the singularity of his absence and his link to death (p.1624) and thereby questions further the role of the individual. Firstly, one must consider the rise of the author and how the idea of the figures importance came to be. Foucault considers Greek mythology when debating this claming that once it was the hero in such plays that was granted his immortality and the author remained largely anonymous. In the middle ages, this surmise changed a s names of those who were involved in scientific discoveries were used to verify their truthfulness. Foucault states that in arguments, statements were in the order of Hippocrates says or Pliny tell us that.. (p.1629). This changed in the 17th and eighteenth century during the boom of scientific discoveries as that which was held true in scientific spheres was simply part of a greater truth. There was no indispensability to verify the author as the facts were self evident through their existence.

The Concept of Communication Style Essays -- Interpersonal Communicati

The Concept of Communication StyleThe concept of communication style has been defined by Rober Norton asthe way oneness verbally, nonverbally, and para verbally interacts to signal howliteral meaning should be taken, interpreted, filtered, orunderstood(1996.p.229) In this, Norton has identified nine communicator styles.A persons style may be dominant, dramatic, contentious, animated ,impressionleaving, relaxed, open, or friendly. These dimensions measure how you interactin various situations. For example, if I speak frequently and try to control theconverstaion, you might assume that I am dominant in my communicator style. In determining my own commuication style I had a questionnaire completedby both a friend, acquaintance , as healthy as completing one myself. The friendthat I chose was my room mate Ryan Seslow. . Ryan and I have been friends sincehighschool so he knows me very swell. The person that I chose to complete theacquaintance section was my friend Leslie Margasak. Leslie is my girlfriendsroommate therefore our communication is somewhat limited. Through the followingresearch and analysis I have created a table (Table1) that shows the means formy friend aquaitance, and myself. The summaries and findings in which I calculated provided me withinsight of my dominant yet friendly communication style. It also provided mewith a different spatial relation as to how other people interpret my communicationhabits. For example, the mean for myself on the category relaxed scored a 1.3.However, my friends mean was 3.1 and my acquaintance was 5.1. Through the textof Interpersonal Communication, I was able to determine that thisfluctuation has to do with the self concept theory. Self -concept is definedas each persons own subjective view or stunt man of him or herself as a person(tremont p.213) In my opinion I do non see myself as relaxed(1.3), but my frienddoes as well as acquaintance. I do non see as relaxed as the others indicatedin the table. Usu ally I feel rather more stressed and tear down a little nervousrather than relaxed when communicating. One calculation in which which I noticed to have simmialr realuts wasbased on the means for being dramtic. I scored high in this category on allthree surveys.(see table1) When a person is classified as dramatic it refersthat the person likes to act ... ...do so by staying relaxed. I scored a relatively low mean inthe openess category and this is an area I would like to change. The meansshowed that I am not open nor am I percieved to be a very open person. Overall my communication style is very dominant, dramatic and friendly.Howvevr, despite this though Im not a very open person. I feel that mycommunication style does allow me to get people to listen to me closely becayseof my dramatics or mightiness to tell srotires in vivid detail and picturesqe. Iam animated and expressive when I feel the need to emphasize a point orstatement. This also helps my communication confiden ce since I know now thatwhat I say often does an considerable impact on those who I am communicatingwith. In conclusion I am very pleased with the data which I recorded. I nowunderstand my communciation style better yet at the same time have located areasin which I can begin to improve on. Through this assignment I learned a commodiousdeal about how I communcate as well as how others percieve my communicationstyle.References1.)Trenholm and Jensen, (1996). Intterpersonal Communication. Belmont,CAWadsworth Publishing Company.

Les Miserables, Theme (forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, And Courage) :: essays research papers

It is precisely of him that I wished to speak. Dispose of me as you please but help me first to restrain him home. I only ask that of you. Upon examination of Les Miserables, it is clearly evident that the fragments of Forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, and courage are only a few of the main themes Hugo wanted to develop. premiere off, is the element of forgiveness. In a book of mistrust, poverty, and hateforgiveness thrives in the public of Les Miserables. The first example of this was at the very beginning, when Jean Valjean stayed with the bishop. Valjean stole his capitaland ran off. He ends up being caught by police, but when the police questioned the bishop, he claimed to guard given the silver to Valjean. Jean was confusedand the bishop claimed that with the silver, he had purchased the convicts soul, and had given it to God, and from that daytime forward, Valjean must be a good man. Another example of forgiveness goes both ways. Javert, in his relentless pursuit of Valje an, is captured by revolutionaries. In reward for conservation the lives of a few of these revolutionaries, Valjean asks for, and gets, permission to take Javert outside, and kill him. Once outside, a comminuted monologue occursand Valjean releases Javert, and lets him go free. Valjean just wanted to be left only in peace, and hoped this act of kindness would change Javert, and make him realize that Valjean was no long-lived the man he was. The second wayis that in the end, after Javert in conclusion captures Valjean, he lets him go. Since Javert had broken the law that he loved so dearly, he kills himself concisely thereafter, by jumping into a river. Secondly, we come to the element of Self-Sacrifice. This is also another(prenominal) widely used theme in Les Miserables. One such example of this element is with Valjean. He lets Marius and Cosette marry, and for a while, he seems all right with that fact. Later on however, he goes to Marius, and confesses to his past. He tells Marius his whole story, and thinks it best if he never sees Cosette again. Marius agreesbut allows Valjean the cursory visit. Only at the end, does Marius realize what a good man Valjean isand by then it was too late. Valjean dies shortly after Marius and Cosette visit him to ask him to come underpin and live with them.Les Miserables, Theme (forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, And Courage) essays research papers It is precisely of him that I wished to speak. Dispose of me as you please but help me first to carry him home. I only ask that of you. Upon examination of Les Miserables, it is clearly evident that the elements of Forgiveness, Self Sacrifice, and Courage are only a few of the main themes Hugo wanted to develop. First off, is the element of forgiveness. In a book of mistrust, poverty, and hateforgiveness thrives in the world of Les Miserables. The first example of this was at the very beginning, when Jean Valjean stayed with the bishop. Valjean stole his silverand ran off. H e ends up being caught by police, but when the police questioned the bishop, he claimed to have given the silver to Valjean. Jean was confusedand the bishop claimed that with the silver, he had purchased the convicts soul, and had given it to God, and from that day forward, Valjean must be a good man. Another example of forgiveness goes two ways. Javert, in his relentless pursuit of Valjean, is captured by revolutionaries. In reward for saving the lives of a few of these revolutionaries, Valjean asks for, and gets, permission to take Javert outside, and kill him. Once outside, a small monologue occursand Valjean releases Javert, and lets him go free. Valjean just wanted to be left alone in peace, and hoped this act of kindness would change Javert, and make him realize that Valjean was no longer the man he was. The second wayis that in the end, after Javert finally captures Valjean, he lets him go. Since Javert had broken the law that he loved so dearly, he kills himself shortly ther eafter, by jumping into a river. Secondly, we come to the element of Self-Sacrifice. This is also another widely used theme in Les Miserables. One such example of this element is with Valjean. He lets Marius and Cosette marry, and for a while, he seems all right with that fact. Later on however, he goes to Marius, and confesses to his past. He tells Marius his whole story, and thinks it best if he never sees Cosette again. Marius agreesbut allows Valjean the occasional visit. Only at the end, does Marius realize what a good man Valjean isand by then it was too late. Valjean dies shortly after Marius and Cosette visit him to ask him to come back and live with them.

Imprisoned by Society in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilm

The Yellow Wallpaper  Imprisoned by Society     Charlotte Perkins Gilmans, The Yellow Wallpaper is the story of a womans descent into derangement as the result of being isolated as a form of treatment when suffering from postpartum depression.  On a larger scale, Gilman is also telltale(a) the story of how women were kept prisoners by the confines of the society of her m and the penalties these women incurred when they attempted to break free from these confines.             In the beginning of the story, the narrator, whose name is never divulg... ...s a charming look into the mind of a woman slipping deeper and deeper into mental illness.  It is also, however, clearly a statement by Gilman of the absurd confines society places on the women of her time and the extreme consequences that befell the women who attempted to break free of those confines.  

Imprisoned by Society in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilm

The Yellow cover  Imprisoned by Society     Charlotte Perkins Gilmans, The Yellow Wallpaper is the story of a womans descent into madness as the result of being isolated as a form of treatment when suffering from postpartum depression.  On a larger scale, Gilman is also telling the story of how women were kept prisoners by the confines of the society of her time and the penalties these women incurred when they attempted to break free from these confines.             In the jump of the story, the narrator, whose name is never divulg... ...s a fascinating look into the mind of a woman slipping deeper and deeper into mental illness.  It is also, however, clearly a statement by Gilman of the unlogical confines society places on the women of her time and the extreme consequences that befell the women who attempted to break free of those confines.  

Angels Demons Chapter 16-19

16Hundreds of miles from CERN, a voice crackled through a walkie-talkie. Okay, Im in the hallway.The technician monitoring the video screens pressed the scarceton on his transmitter. Youre looking for tv camera 86. Its vatic to be at the far end.There was a long silence on the radio. The waiting technician broke a light sweat. Finally his radio clicked.The camera isnt here, the voice said. I can see where it was mounted, though. Some luggage compartment must select re move it.The technician exhaled heavily. Thanks. Hold on a second, will you?Sighing, he redirected his attention to the bank of video screens in front of him. Huge portions of the complex were pass to the public, and wireless cameras had g cardinalness missing before, usually stolen by visiting pranksters looking for souvenirs. But as soon as a camera left the facility and was expose of range, the signal was lost, and the screen went blank. Perplexed, the technician gazed up at the monitor. A crystal clear human body was still coming from camera 86.If the camera was stolen, he wondered, why are we still getting a signal? He knew, of course, there was only one explanation. The camera was still inside the complex, and or soone had simply moved it. But who? And why?He studied the monitor a long moment. Finally he picked up his walkie-talkie. Are there any clo bounds in that stairwell? Any cupboards or dark alcoves?The voice replying sounded confused. No. Why?The technician frowned. Never mind. Thanks for your help. He saturnine off his walkie-talkie and pursed his lips.Considering the small size of the video camera and the fact that it was wireless, the technician knew that camera 86 could be transmitting from just nigh(predicate) anywhere deep knock down the heavily guarded compound a densely packed collection of thirty-two separate buildings covering a half-mile radius. The only clue was that the camera seemed to have been placed nighwhere dark. Of course, that wasnt much help. The complex acquireed endless dark locations maintenance closets, heating ducts, gardening sheds, bedroom wardrobes, even a labyrinth of underground tunnels. photographic camera 86 could take weeks to locate.But thats the least of my problems, he thought.Despite the dilemma posed by the cameras relocation, there was a nonher far more unsettling take at hand. The technician gazed up at the image the lost camera was transmitting. It was a stationary objective. A modern-looking device like nonhing the technician had ever seen. He studied the blinking electronic display at its base.Although the guard had under deceased rigorous training preparing him for tense situations, he still sensed his pulse rising. He told himself not to panic. There had to be an explanation. The object appeared too small to be of significant danger. Then again, its presence inside the complex was troubling. Very troubling, indeed.Today of all days, he thought.Security was ceaselessly a top priority for his em ployer, only when today, more than any other day in the past twelve years, warranter was of the utmost importance. The technician stared at the object for a long time and sensed the rumblings of a distant gathering storm.Then, sweating, he dialed his superior.17Not many children could say they remembered the day they met their render, but Vittoria Vetra could. She was eightsome years old, living where she always had, Orfanotrofio di Siena, a Catholic orphanage near Florence, deserted by parents she never knew. It was raining that day. The nuns had called for her twice to come to dinner, but as always she pretended not to hear. She lay outside in the courtyard, staring up at the raindrops feeling them hit her body trying to guess where one would land next. The nuns called again, threatening that pneumonia might make an insufferably headstrong child a lot less curious about nature.I cant hear you, Vittoria thought.She was soaked to the bring up when the young priest came out to g et her. She didnt know him. He was new there. Vittoria waited for him to grab her and drag her prickle inside. But he didnt. Instead, to her wonder, he lay down beside her, soaking his robes in a puddle.They say you ask a lot of questions, the young man said.Vittoria scowled. Are questions bad?He laughed. Guess they were right.What are you doing out here?Same thing youre doing question why raindrops stock.Im not wondering why they fall I already knowThe priest gave her an astonished look. You do?Sister Francisca says raindrops are angels tears coming down to wash away our sins.Wow he said, sounding amazed. So that explains it.No it doesnt the girl fired impale. Raindrops fall because everything falls Everything falls Not just rainThe priest scratched his head, looking perplexed. You know, young lady, youre right. Everything does fall. It must be gravity.It must be what?He gave her an astonished look. You havent perceive of gravity?No.The priest shrugged sadly. Too bad. Gravity answers a lot of questions.Vittoria sat up. Whats gravity? she demanded. Tell meThe priest gave her a wink. What do you say I tell you over dinner.The young priest was da Vinci Vetra. Although he had been an award-winning physics student while in university, hed heard another call and gone into the seminary. da Vinci and Vittoria became unlikely best friends in the lonely world of nuns and regulations. Vittoria made da Vinci laugh, and he took her under his wing, teaching her that beautiful things like rainbows and the rivers had many explanations. He told her about light, planets, stars, and all of nature through the eyes of both divinity fudge and science. Vittorias innate intellect and curiosity made her a captivating student. Leonardo protect her like a daughter.Vittoria was happy too. She had never known the joy of having a father. When every other adult answered her questions with a slap on the wrist, Leonardo played out hours showing her books. He even asked what her ideas were. Vittoria prayed Leonardo would stay with her forever. Then one day, her worst nightmare came true. Father Leonardo told her he was leaving the orphanage.Im moving to Switzerland, Leonardo said. I have a grant to study physics at the University of Geneva.Physics? Vittoria cried. I thought you loved GodI do, very much. Which is why I want to study his divine rules. The laws of physics are the canvas God laid down on which to paint his masterpiece.Vittoria was devastated. But Father Leonardo had some other news. He told Vittoria he had verbalisen to his superiors, and they said it was okay if Father Leonardo adopted her.Would you like me to adopt you? Leonardo asked.Whats adopt tight? Vittoria said.Father Leonardo told her.Vittoria hugged him for five minutes, crying tears of joy. Oh yes YesLeonardo told her he had to leave for a while and get their new home settled in Switzerland, but he promised to send for her in six months. It was the longest wait of Vittorias life, but Leo nardo kept his word. Five days before her ninth birthday, Vittoria moved to Geneva. She attended Geneva International School during the day and learned from her father at night.Three years later Leonardo Vetra was hired by CERN. Vittoria and Leonardo relocated to a wonderland the likes of which the young Vittoria had never imagined.Vittoria Vetras body matt-up numb as she strode down the LHC tunnel. She saw her muted reflection in the LHC and sensed her fathers absence. usually she existed in a state of deep calm, in harmony with the world around her. But now, very suddenly, nothing made sense. The last three hours had been a blur.It had been 10 A.M. in the Balearic Islands when Kohlers call came through. Your father has been murdered. Come home immediately. Despite the sweltering heat on the deck of the dive boat, the words had chilled her to the bone, Kohlers emotionless refinement hurting as much as the news.Now she had returned home. But home to what? CERN, her world since she was twelve, seemed suddenly foreign. Her father, the man who had made it magical, was gone.Deep breaths, she told herself, but she couldnt calm her mind. The questions circled prompt and faster. Who killed her father? And why? Who was this American specialist? Why was Kohler insisting on seeing the lab?Kohler had said there was evidence that her fathers murder was related to the online project. What evidence? Nobody knew what we were working on And even if someone found out, why would they kill him?As she moved down the LHC tunnel toward her fathers lab, Vittoria realized she was about to unveil her fathers greatest achievement without him there. She had pictured this moment much incompatiblely. She had imagined her father calling CERNs top scientists to his lab, showing them his discovery, watching their awestruck causas. Then he would commit with fatherly pride as he explained to them how it had been one of Vittorias ideas that had helped him make the project a reality that his daughter had been integral in his breakthrough. Vittoria felt a bulge in her throat. My father and I were supposed to share this moment together. But here she was alone. No colleagues. No happy faces. Just an American stranger and Maximilian Kohler.Maximilian Kohler. Der Konig. dismantle as a child, Vittoria had disliked the man. Although she eventually came to respect his potent intellect, his icy de crockedor always seemed inhuman, the exact antithesis of her fathers warmth. Kohler pursued science for its immaculate logic her father for its spiritual wonder. And yet oddly there had always seemed to be an unspoken respect between the two men. Genius, someone had once explained to her, accepts genius unconditionally.Genius, she thought. My father Dad. Dead.The gateway to Leonardo Vetras lab was a long sterile hallway paved entirely in white tile. Langdon felt like he was entering some kind of underground insane asylum. Lining the corridor were dozens of framed, black-and-white images. Although Langdon had made a career of studying images, these were entirely alien to him. They looked like chaotic negatives of stochastic streaks and spirals. Modern art? he mused. Jackson Pollock on amphetamines?Scatter plots, Vittoria said, seemingly noting Langdons interest. Computer representations of particle collisions. Thats the Z-particle, she said, pointing to a faint track that was almost camouflaged in the confusion. My father discovered it five years ago. Pure energy no mass at all. It may well be the smallest building frustrate in nature. Matter is nothing but trapped energy.Matter is energy? Langdon cocked his head. Sounds pretty Zen. He gazed at the tiny streak in the photograph and wondered what his buddies in the Harvard physics department would say when he told them hed spent the weekend hanging out in a Large Hadron Collider admiring Z-particles.Vittoria, Kohler said, as they approached the labs imposing steel door, I should mention that I came down here this morning looking for your father.Vittoria flushed slightly. You did?Yes. And imagine my surprise when I discovered he had replaced CERNs standard keypad security with something else. Kohler motioned to an intricate electronic device mounted beside the door.I apologize, she said. You know how he was about privacy. He didnt want anyone but the two of us to have access.Kohler said, Fine. throw the door.Vittoria stood a long moment. Then, pulling a deep breath, she walked to the mechanism on the wall.Langdon was in no way prepared for what happened next.Vittoria stepped up to the device and carefully adjust her right eye with a protruding lens that looked like a telescope. Then she pressed a button. Inside the machine, something clicked. A shaft of light oscillated back and forth, surveyning her eyeball like a copy machine.Its a retina scan, she said. Infallible security. Authorized for two retina patterns only. Mine and my fathers.Robert Langdon stood in horrified revelatio n. The image of Leonardo Vetra came back in grisly detail the bloody face, the solitary hazel eye staring back, and the vitiate eye socket. He tried to reject the obvious truth, but then he saw it beneath the scanner on the white tile floor faint droplets of crimson. Dried blood.Vittoria, thankfully, did not notice.The steel door slid open and she walked through.Kohler fixed Langdon with an adamant stare. His message was clear As I told you the missing eye serves a higher purpose.18The womans hands were tied, her wrists now purple and egotistical from chafing. The mahogany-skinned Hassassin lay beside her, spent, admiring his naked prize. He wondered if her current slumber was just a deception, a pathetic attempt to avoid further service to him.He did not care. He had reaped sufficient reward. Sated, he sat up in bed.In his country women were possessions. Weak. Tools of pleasure. Chattel to be traded like livestock. And they understood their place. But here, in Europe, women bel ie a strength and independence that both amused and excited him. Forcing them into physical submission was a gratification he always enjoyed.Now, despite the contentment in his loins, the Hassassin sensed another appetite growing within him. He had killed last night, killed and mutilated, and for him killing was like heroin each encounter satisfying only temporarily before increasing his longing for more. The exhilaration had worn off. The craving had returned.He studied the sleeping woman beside him. Running his palm across her neck, he felt aroused with the knowledge that he could end her life in an instant. What would it matter? She was subhuman, a vehicle only of pleasure and service. His strong fingers encircled her throat, savoring her subtle pulse. Then, fighting desire, he removed his hand. There was work to do. Service to a higher cause than his own desire.As he got out of bed, he reveled in the honor of the job before him. He still could not fathom the influence of this m an named Janus and the ancient brotherhood he commanded. Wondrously, the brotherhood had chosen him. in some way they had learned of his loathing and of his skills. How, he would never know. Their roots reach wide.Now they had bestowed on him the ultimate honor. He would be their hands and their voice. Their assassin and their messenger. The one his mickle knew as Malak al-haq the Angel of Truth.19Vetras lab was wildly futuristic.Stark white and bounded on all sides by computers and specialized electronic equipment, it looked like some sort of operating room. Langdon wondered what secrets this place could possibly hold to justify cutting out someones eye to gain entrance.Kohler looked uneasy as they entered, his eyes seeming to dismiss about for signs of an intruder. But the lab was deserted. Vittoria moved belatedly too as if the lab felt unknown without her father there.Langdons gaze landed immediately in the center of the room, where a series of short pillars rose from the f loor. Like a miniature Stonehenge, a dozen or so columns of polished steel stood in a circle in the middle of the room. The pillars were about three feet tall, reminding Langdon of museum displays for valuable gems. These pillars, however, were clearly not for precious stones. Each supported a thick, transparent canister about the size of a tennis ball can. They appeared empty.Kohler eyed the canisters, looking puzzled. He apparently decided to ignore them for the time being. He turned to Vittoria. Has anything been stolen?Stolen? How? she argued. The retina scan only allows entry to us.Just look around.Vittoria sighed and surveyed the room for a few moments. She shrugged. Everything looks as my father always leaves it. Ordered chaos.Langdon sensed Kohler weighing his options, as if wondering how far to push Vittoria how much to tell her. Apparently he decided to leave it for the moment. Moving his wheelchair toward the center of the room, he surveyed the mysterious cluster of seem ingly empty canisters.Secrets, Kohler in the long run said, are a luxury we can no longer afford.Vittoria nodded in acquiescence, looking suddenly emotional, as if being here brought with it a pelter of memories.Give her a minute, Langdon thought.As though preparing for what she was about to reveal, Vittoria closed her eyes and breathed. Then she breathed again. And again. And againLangdon watched her, suddenly concerned. Is she okay? He glanced at Kohler, who appeared unfazed, apparently having seen this ritual before. Ten seconds passed before Vittoria opened her eyes.Langdon could not believe the metamorphosis. Vittoria Vetra had been transformed. Her full lips were lax, her shoulders down, and her eyes soft and assenting. It was as though she had realigned every muscle in her body to accept the situation. The resentful fire and personal anguish had been quelled somehow beneath a deeper, watery cool.Where to begin she said, her accent unruffled.At the beginning, Kohler said. Te ll us about your fathers experiment.Rectifying science with religion has been my fathers life dream, Vittoria said. He hoped to prove that science and religion are two totally compatible fields two different approaches to finding the same truth. She paused as if uneffective to believe what she was about to say. And recently he conceived of a way to do that.Kohler said nothing.He devised an experiment, one he hoped would settle one of the most bitter conflicts in the history of science and religion.Langdon wondered which conflict she could mean. There were so many.Creationism, Vittoria declared. The battle over how the humans came to be.Oh, Langdon thought. The debate.The Bible, of course, states that God created the universe, she explained. God said, Let there be light, and everything we see appeared out of a vast emptiness. Unfortunately, one of the fundamental laws of physics states that matter cannot be created out of nothing.Langdon had read about this stalemate. The idea tha t God allegedly created something from nothing was totally contrary to accepted laws of modern physics and therefore, scientists claimed, Genesis was scientifically absurd.Mr. Langdon, Vittoria said, turning, I assume you are old(prenominal) with the humongous Bang Theory?Langdon shrugged. More or less. The biggish Bang, he knew, was the scientifically accepted model for the creation of the universe. He didnt really understand it, but according to the theory, a single point of intensely focused energy erupted in a cataclysmic explosion, expanding outward to form the universe. Or something like that.Vittoria continued. When the Catholic Church first proposed the Big Bang Theory in 1927, the Im sorry? Langdon interrupted, before he could stop himself. You say the Big Bang was a Catholic idea?Vittoria looked surprised by his question Of course. Proposed by a Catholic monk, Georges Lematre in 1927.But, I thought he hesitated. Wasnt the Big Bang proposed by Harvard lotus-eater Edwin Hubble?Kohler glowered. Again, American scientific arrogance. Hubble published in 1929, two years after Lematre.Langdon scowled. Its called the Hubble Telescope, sir Ive never heard of any Lematre TelescopeMr. Kohler is right, Vittoria said, the idea belonged to Lematre. Hubble only confirmed it by gathering the hard evidence that proved the Big Bang was scientifically probable.Oh, Langdon said, wondering if the Hubble-fanatics in the Harvard Astronomy Department ever mentioned Lematre in their lectures.When Lematre first proposed the Big Bang Theory, Vittoria continued, scientists claimed it was utterly ridiculous. Matter, science said, could not be created out of nothing. So, when Hubble shocked the world by scientifically proving the Big Bang was accurate, the church claimed victory, heralding this as induction that the Bible was scientifically accurate. The divine truth.Langdon nodded, focusing intently now.Of course scientists did not appreciate having their discoveries used by the church to promote religion, so they immediately mathematicized the Big Bang Theory, removed all religious overtones, and claimed it as their own. Unfortunately for science, however, their equations, even today, have one serious deficiency that the church likes to point out.Kohler grunted. The singularity. He spoke the word as if it were the bane of his existence.Yes, the singularity, Vittoria said. The exact moment of creation. Time zero. She looked at Langdon. Even today, science cannot grasp the initial moment of creation. Our equations explain the early universe quite effectively, but as we move back in time, approaching time zero, suddenly our mathematics disintegrates, and everything becomes meaningless.Correct, Kohler said, his voice edgy, and the church holds up this deficiency as proof of Gods miraculous involvement. Come to your point.Vittorias expression became distant. My point is that my father had always believed in Gods involvement in the Big Bang. Even though science was unable to comprehend the divine moment of creation, he believed someday it would. She motioned sadly to a laser-printed memo tacked over her fathers work area. My daddy used to wave that in my face every time I had doubts.Langdon read the messageScience and religion are not at odds.Science is simply too young to understand.My dad wanted to bring science to a higher level, Vittoria said, where science supported the concept of God. She ran a hand through her long hair, looking melancholy. He set out to do something no scientist had ever thought to do. Something that no one has ever had the technology to do. She paused, as though uncertain how to speak the next words. He designed an experiment to prove Genesis was possible.Prove Genesis? Langdon wondered. Let there be light? Matter from nothing?Kohlers dead gaze eager across the room. I beg your pardon?My father created a universe from nothing at all.Kohler snapped his head around. WhatBetter said, he recreated the Big Ba ng.Kohler looked ready to get going to his feet.Langdon was officially lost. Creating a universe? Recreating the Big Bang?It was done on a much smaller scale, of course, Vittoria said, talking faster now. The process was remarkably simple. He accelerated two ultrathin particle beams in opposite directions around the accelerator tube. The two beams collided head-on at enormous speeds, driving into one another and contraction all their energy into a single pinpoint. He achieved extreme energy densities. She started rattling off a stream of units, and the directors eyes grew wider.Langdon tried to keep up. So Leonardo Vetra was simulating the compressed point of energy from which the universe supposedly sprang.The result, Vittoria said, was nothing short of wondrous. When it is published, it will shake the very foundation of modern physics. She spoke slowly now, as though savoring the immensity of her news. Without warning, inside the accelerator tube, at this point of highly focused energy, particles of matter began appearing out of nowhere.Kohler made no reaction. He simply stared.Matter, Vittoria repeated. Blossoming out of nothing. An incredible display of subatomic fireworks. A miniature universe springing to life. He proved not only that matter can be created from nothing, but that the Big Bang and Genesis can be explained simply by accepting the presence of an enormous source of energy.You mean God? Kohler demanded.God, Buddha, The Force, Yahweh, the singularity, the unicity point call it whatever you like the result is the same. Science and religion support the same truth pure energy is the father of creation.When Kohler finally spoke, his voice was somber. Vittoria, you have me at a loss. It sounds like youre telling me your father created matter out of nothing?Yes. Vittoria motioned to the canisters. And there is the proof. In those canisters are specimens of the matter he created.Kohler coughed and moved toward the canisters like a wary animal cir cling something he instinctively sensed was wrong. Ive obviously missed something, he said. How do you expect anyone to believe these canisters contain particles of matter your father actually created? They could be particles from anywhere at all.Actually, Vittoria said, sounding confident, they couldnt. These particles are unique. They are a geek of matter that does not exist anywhere on earth hence they had to be created.Kohlers expression darkened. Vittoria, what do you mean a certain type of matter? There is only one type of matter, and it Kohler stopped short.Vittorias expression was triumphant. Youve lectured on it yourself, director. The universe contains two kinds of matter. Scientific fact. Vittoria turned to Langdon. Mr. Langdon, what does the Bible say about the Creation? What did God create?Langdon felt awkward, not sure what this had to do with anything. Um, God created light and dark, heaven and hell Exactly, Vittoria said. He created everything in opposites. Symme try. Perfect balance. She turned back to Kohler. Director, science claims the same thing as religion, that the Big Bang created everything in the universe with an opposite.Including matter itself, Kohler whispered, as if to himself.Vittoria nodded. And when my father ran his experiment, sure enough, two kinds of matter appeared.Langdon wondered what this meant. Leonardo Vetra created matters opposite?Kohler looked angry. The substance youre referring to only exists elsewhere in the universe. Certainly not on earth. And possibly not even in our galaxyExactly, Vittoria replied, which is proof that the particles in these canisters had to be created.Kohlers face hardened. Vittoria, surely you cant be saying those canisters contain actual specimens?I am. She gazed proudly at the canisters. Director, you are looking at the worlds first specimens of antimatter.

Persuasive Essay, the Player, All Realities Are Fictitious Essay

Our world consists of many realties. Two being commercial, and the other, artistic. A commercial realness is one of indulgence, and pleasure, always aiming to suit those who yearn for it. exquisite reality however, is open to interpretation. This means there are many possible outcomes. One could be saddened or depressed by the reality, and others, joyful. It is because of this uncertainty in artistic realities that the take in industry, as well as many other industries, have taken it upon themselves to glorify the truth.It is because of the clashing of these two realities, that reality as a whole becomes laborious to interpret. The statement that e rattling reality is fictitious, is rather bold however. Although in numbers, there are a few people who hold very strong clean-living and have a sense of quality in what they do. The Hollywood fritter away industry is entirely commercial. Offering little or no interest in writers work that consists of depth, moral and truth. This rea lity consumes those considered as naive to the industry.Commercial realities are realities that are shaped by people who want to escape their own and subconsciously create a reality that is deemed impossible in the real world. Commercial realities are attractive to most, because you can experience something otherwise unimaginable. It is us, the audience of massive Hollywood productions, that delegate true appreciation of films made by producers who show no other interest than creating fictional nonsense and profiting from us . The film making industry is created by artificial characters living paranormal lives that we aspire to have.However, who can jump from a 4 story building and land on the ground with no stain? Who can be stabbed and instantly heeled by only a bandage and continue battling the world with heroic attributes and a vision to sustain humanity as we know it Commercial realities are fictitious, and it leaves us dreaming of a better life, and fantasizing over it. Man y of our youth are involved in lives that are affiliate by action, violence, recklessness and stupidity. A contrasting reality to those of commercial is that of artistic. This reality has deeper meaning to it, and value.Artistic reality may be generally defined as the attempt to represent do chief(prenominal) matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. Artistic reality is better known as realism. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic Movement. Instead it sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and non avoiding unpalatable or sordid aspects of life. Artistic realities often reject changes wrought by Commercial Revolutions.Artistic realities reveal the truth, which means they may emphasize the ugly or sordid. Artists use their work as a form of expressionism, which is open to inter pretation. They see true value in their oeuvre, as they see ordinary, everyday subjects as the pictorial matter of naturalism. Many people attempt to depict things accurately, from either a visual, social or emotional perspective. Theatre Realism shares many stylistic choices with naturalism, including a centering on every day (middle-class) drama, colloquial speech, and mundane settings.Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances. a great deal artistic realities can be labelled as fictitious. This is due to the majority of society being so consumed by commercial reality that they no extended can differentiate from commercial actually being fake, and artistic as being real. Commercial realities enhance the breeding of money. Commercial values manipulate the very anatomy of a natural, mundane reality. Commercially precious films of reality have become the organ grinders monkeys of money.They are made to increase the rich value and staying in power of money, the power of money to breed money, to fertilize itself. They are not made to empower people and provide certain value. Artistic reality however, leaves no stone unturned. Realism sees no value in money, and it sees no reciprocal (mutual? Would this be better? ) material possession that could be interchange for money. Artistic realities merely capture that which is tangible and accurate. Society may attempt to defend themselves by escaping this as it may be deeply depressing.It is the confusion of distinguishing amongst commercial and artistic realities that ultimately reduces both to nothing but fictitious mumbo jumbo that controls our lives. The difference between the two is huge, however difficult for commoners, or those not involved in the film industry, to interpret. Whether an individual comprises their lives of commercial or realistic values, these values can be labelled as fabricated or factual. The film industrys repackaging and misrepresent ing the truth to suit themselves is profitable. This profitability is their ultimate ruling guideline.If a film does not provide profits, the film was a total failure, disregardless of its realism. Artistic realities are open to interpretation and provide a bit of freedom for people to choose the outcomes of scenarios. Painters, writers, film makers and news reporters are some of the main people involved in the way reality is interpreted because they are in the spotlight. Every one watches them, reads their papers or interperates their work. It is important for people to pick out that regardless of the message that is trying to be brought across, reality is subjective, and hence, it may appear fictitious to anyone apart from their maker. Commercial or artistic.

Neoclassical Literature Essay

The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual feces which flourished In France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and impostureistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated causa or understanding, equality and science. They held that rationality or designer should be the only, the final ca routine of any human thought and activities.They c on the wholeed for a reference to order, reason and rules. They believed that when reason served as the yardstick for the measurement of all human activities and relations, e rattling superstition, injustice and oppression was to yield place to eternal truth, eternal justice and natural equality. The principle provided theory for the French Revolu tion of 1789 and the American cont rest of Independence in 1776. At the same time, the enlighteners advocated universal education. They believed that human being were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.If the masses were well educated, they thought, there would be great chance for a democratic and equal human society. As a egress of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and interpret, became a very popular means of public education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like put-on Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel bathson. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the nonagenarian classical works.This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicistics, all f orms of literature were to be modeled later the classical works of the ancient Greek and papist writers and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This belief led them to seek proportion, unity, accordance and grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, enlighten and correct human beings, primarily as social animals. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectualart developed. Neoclassicists had more or less fixed laws and rules for al close to every genre of literature. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or outstanding, and each class should be maneuver b its own principles. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines) regularity in construction should be adhered to, and causa charact ers rather than separates should be represented. John Bunyan Like about working men at the time, Bunyan had a deep hatred for the corrupted, hypocritical rich who accumulated their riches by hook and b crook. As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in buyback through spiritual struggle. It was during his second term in prison that he wrote The Pilgrims Progress, which was published in 1678 later his release. Bunyans style was modeled after that of the English Bible. With his concrete and living language and cargon full phase of the moony observed and vividly presented details, he made it possible for the reader of the least education to shargon the diversion of reading his fabrication and to relive the experience of his characters.Bunyans other works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666), The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680), The Holy War (1682) and The Pilgrims Progress, Part II (1684) As Milton was the chief Puritan poet, so Bunyan was the chief Puritan writer of Prose. Bunyan was natural in a tinkers family, and he himself was a tinker. He did not have some(prenominal) education and at sixteen he joined the parliamentary army and whence became a preacher. Like Milton he was put into prison in the period of the yield, but remained there much longer.He might have written his work The Pilgrims Progress in prison although it was published in prison although it was published in 1678 after his release. The Pilgrims Progress is written in the middle-aged make medieval form of allegory and drama. The take hold subjects with the authors dream in which he sees a man with a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. The man is Christian the Pilgrim, the book is the Bible, and the burden on his back is the weight of worldly cares and concerns.It tells how Christian starts his pilgrimage from his home to the land of Heaven, and of his experiences and adventures on his journey. In the western world the book has usually been read and appreciated as spiritual allegory, though critics have noted that the many representative figures and places Christian meets on the way are such as might have been seen in Bunyans daytime on any English foodstuff road and that the landscape and ho utilizes in the story seem to be no other than those of Restoration England. It gives a real assure of how life was during the 17th century.It is a faithful panoramic reflection factor of Bunyans age. The books most significant aspect is its satire, the description of the dressing table Fair. Here Bunyan gives a symbolic picture of capital of the United Kingdom at the time. in bourgeois society, all things are bought and sell, including honour, title, kingdom, lusts there cheating, roguery, murder, and adultery prevail. The punishment of Christian and sheepfold for disdaining things in the Vanity Fair may have its importee in alluding to Bunyans repeated arrests and imprisonme nt for preaching.After all, like Milton, Bunyan in his book is preaching his religious views. He satirizes his society which is full of vices that violate the teachings of the Christian religion. However, his Puritanism weakens the effect of his social satire by exhorting his readers to endure poverty with patience in order to seek the Celestial City. Besides, the use of allegory in most of his works makes his satirical pictures less direct and more difficult to see. His books are more often read as religious books than as piercing exposures of social unholys.Bynyan is known for his simple and lively prose style. Everyday idiomatic expressions and biblical language enables him to narrate his story and reveal his ideas directly and in a straightforward way. The influence of his prose in the development of the English language is great, on account of the great popularity of the book. Selected Reading The Vanity Fair, an excerpt from Part I of The Pilgrims Progress The story starts wi th a dream in which the author sees Christian the Pilgrim, with a heavy burden on his back, reading the Bible.When he learns from the book that the city in which he and his family live shall be burnt down in a fire, Christian tries to convince his family and his neighbours of the oncoming disaster and asks them to go with him in search of salvation, but most of them simply ignore him. So he starts off with a acquaintanceship, Pliable. Pliable turns back after they stumble into a pit, the sphacelus of Despond. Christian struggles on by himself. Then he is misled by Mr. Worldly Wiseman and is brought back onto the right road by Mr.Evangelist. There he joins Faithful, a live who has set out later but has made better progress. The two go on to lasther through many adventures, including the great struggle with Apollyon, who claims them to be his subjects and refuses to accept their allegiance to God. After many other adventures they come to the Vanity Fair where both are arrested as a lien agitators. They are tried and Faithful is condemned to death. Christian, however, manages to escape and goes on his way, assisted by a new friend, hopeful.Tired of the hard journey, they are tempted to take a pleasant path and are then captured by Giant Despair. Finally they get away and reach the Celestial City, where they enjoy eternal life in the fellowship of the blessed. The Pilgrims Progress is the most boffo religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through everlasting struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time.Its predominant metaphorlife as a journeyis simple and familiar. The objects that Christian meets are homely and commonplace, and the scenes presented are typical English ones, but throughout the allegory a spiritual significance is added to the commonplace details. Here the strange is combined with the familiar and the trivial joined to the divine, and, at the same time, everything is based on universal experiences. Besides, a rich imagination and a natural chroniclent for storytelling also contribute to the success of the work which is at once entertaining and morally instructive.The meaning of Vanity Fair, and its reflection of the theme of the allegory of The Pilgrims Progress The Vanity Fair symbolizes human world, for all that cometh is narcism. Everything and anything in this world is vanity, having no value and no meaning. The Vanity Fair, a market selling nothingness of all sorts, is a dirty place originally built up by devils, but, this town lay in the way to the Celestial City, meaning pilgrims had to resist the temptations there when they made their way through.So, the depiction of the Fair in selling things worldly and in attracting people bad, represents John Bunyans rejection of the worldly seeking and pious longing for the pure and ch arming Celestial City, his Christian ideal. Alexander Pope (1688-1744) Pope was a London drapers son. His parents were Roman Catholics, and Pope kept this faith all his life in spite of the hostility of the public in the 18th century toward his religion. At the age of 12, a disease left him a hunchback of less than 5 feet tall.Because of his religion he was denied entrance to Oxford and Cambridge Universities and his deformity often made him the dupe of contempt. His early unhappy experiences, in fact, was responsible for his strong reaction to criticism. Pope was self-educated. He worked hard against vile health and unfavourable condition and gained a reasoned knowledge of both the classics and the craft of writing. The 18th century was an age in which writers had to obey many strict literary rules. But Pope mastered them very thoroughly and used them better and in a more skillful way than most of his contemporaries.He lived an active social life and was close friend to such emin ent literary figures as the essayist Joseph Addison and the satirist Jonathan Swift. But he also made many enemies through ridiculing people in his writings. The most popular of his poems is, perhaps, An adjudicate on criticism, which contains a great number of quotable lines that have passed into everyday speech as popular sayings, such as To err is human, to forgive divine, and For fools rush in where angels fear to tread. However, as a piece of literary theory, it lacks original ideas.Its significance comes from its assertion that literary criticism is an art form and should function actively like a living organism. The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a mock- wizardic poem. It offers a typical example of the 18th-century classical style, and a satirical view as well of the tastes, manners, and morals of the fashionable world in Queen Annes reign. In fact, Pope not only ridicules a trivial incident that sparks a serious feud, but also mocks the hig hflown style and language of epic song itself.The Dunciad, meaning the study of the dunces, launches attacks on everyone who had ever criticized or insulted him, many of whom are totally unknown to the readers of today The theme and style of A. Popes An Essay on Criticism The poem is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism. The poet prime(prenominal) laments the loss of true taste in poetic criticism of his day and calls on people to take classical writers as their models. Then he discusses various problems in literary criticism and offers his own ideas and presentsthe classical rules. At the end of the poem, he traces the history of literary criticism from Aristotle to his day. The poem is a typical didactic one. Written in the form of heroic couplets, it is plain in style, and it is late to read. Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe is based on a real incident. In 1704, Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor, was thrown onto a desolate island by the mutinous crew of h is ship. He lived there alone for 5 years. Defoe read about his adventures in a newspaper and went to interview him to get first-hand information.He then embellished the sailors tale with many incidents out of his own imagination. Robinson Crusoe has the appearance of a picaresque novel, showing a lowly individuals wonderings over the world. However, there are some fundamental changes in Defoes book. A picaro (Spanish for a rogue) is somebody with a doubtful moral character who does not have a fixed death in life. Nor does he care much about accumulating money. Robinson Crusoe is in fact a new species of writing which inhabits the picaresque frame with a story in the shape of a journal and has a strong flavour of journalistic truth.The hero is typical the rising English bourgeois class, practical and diligent, with a spry curiosity to know more about the world and a desire to prove individual power in the face of social and natural challenges. Defoe attaches individual power in t he face of social and natural challenges. Defoe attaches great importance to the growth of Crusoe and tries to teach a moral message through his story. crusoe starts an unskilled, naive and feckless youth, who through years of tough sea travels, develops into a clever and hardened man. He is tempered and tried by numerous dangers and hardships, but alship canal emerges victorious.He is a real hero, not in the sense of the knight or the epic hero in the old literary genres, but a hero of the common stock, an individualist who shows marvelous capacity for work, boundless courage and energy in overcoming obstacles and a shrewdness in accumulating wealth and gaining profits. In Robinson Crusoe sings the praises of labour, presenting it as the rootage of human pride and happiness as well as a means to change mans living conditions from desperation to prosperity. But at the same time, through relationship with Friday and his activities of setting up colonies overseas, Defoe also beauti fies colonialism and Negro slavery.His attitude toward women, though not much concerning women is said in the novel, is also open to criticisms, for he lets Crusoe treat women as articles of property and as a means to breed and establish a lineage. But on the whole, this novel is significant as the first English novel which glorifies the individual experience of ordinary people in plain and simple language, and also as a vivid and corroboratory portrayal of the English bourgeoisie at its early stage of development. The novel Robinson Crusoe tells the story of the titular heros adventure on a abandoned island.Robinson Crusoe, longing to see the wonders of the world, phlebotomizes away from home, and after many setbacks, settles down in Brazil. The call of the sea attracts him to second voyage in which he is brought along to an island after the shipwreck in a storm through many hardships, he finds ways to get daily necessities from the wrecked ship to the shore, and settles on the i sland for twenty quaternity years. During the years, he tries to make himself a living in one way or another, rescues a savage whom he names Friday, and builds up a well-fixed home for himself.Finally they are picked up and saved by an English ship and return to England. With an inevitable trace of colonialism, the novel depicts a hero who grows from an inexperienced youth into a shrewd and hardened man. The adventures of Robinson Crusoe on the island is a song of his courage, his wisdom, and his struggle against the hostile natural environment. As the very prototype of empire detergent builder and the pioneer colonist, Robinson Crusoe can be seen as an individualistic man who carries human labour and the Puritan fortitude to their greatest effect.Jonathan Swift In some ways Jonathan Swifts career parallels that of Defoe. Both were considerably occupied in the dangerous career of political writers, and both affiated themselves to Robert Harley, first a Whig and turning the Tory i n 1710. swift also followed Harley and shifted from the Whig to the Tory when the latter came to power in 1710. But they differed from each other in the fact that Defoe was a businessman and did not have much knowledge of the classics whereas Swift was a churchman and a university graduate. other difference between the two was that Swift was a member of the Anglican Church whereas Defoe was a dissenter. Both of them viewed the world with common sense but Defoe aimed to improve the morals of his time, whereas Swift viewed himan society with contempt and has been called a cynic and even a misanthrope. Gullivers Travels Consisting of four discontinues, the novel tells four stories of the hero. In part One, the hero is in Lilliput where he becomes Man Mountain, for the inhabitants are only six inches tall, twelve clock smaller than human beings.Yet, as a kind of man their sayings and doings forms a miniature of the real world. Part Two brings the hero to Brobdingnag. This time, he com es to dwarf, for the Brobdingnagians are ten times taller and larger than normal human beings. Also superior in wisdom, they look down upon the ordinary human beings for the latters evil or harmful doings. The third part depicts Gullivers travel on the flying Island where the so called philosophers and scientists devoted themselves to absurd doings, for example, to extract sunlight from cucumbers.The last part tells the heros adventure in the Houyhnhnm Land. There horses are endowed with reason and all good and admirable qualities, while the hairy, man-like creature, Yahoos are greedy and unsporting brutes. Henry Fielding During his career as a dramatist, Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of plays witty comedies of manners or intrigues in the Restoration tradition, farces or ballad operas with political implications, and burlesques and satires that bear heavily upon the status-quo of England.Of all his plays, the best known are The Coffee-house Politician (1730) , The Tragedy of Tragedies (1730), Pasquin (1736) and The Historical Register for the Year 1736 (1737). These successful plays not only contributed to a temporary revival of the English theatre but also were of great help to the playwright in his future literary career as a novelist. Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.Of all the eighteenth-century novelist he was the first to set out, both in theory and implement, to write specifically a comic epic in prose, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. Before him, the relating of a story in a novel was either in the epistolary form (a series of letters), as in Richardsons Pamela, or the picaresque form (adventurous wanderings) through the mouth of the principal character, as in Defoes Robinson Crusoe, but Fielding adopted the third-person narration, in which the author becomes the all-knowing God. He thinks the thought of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is. Throughout, the ordinary and usually ridiculous life of the common people, from the middle-class to the underworld, is his major concern. Fieldings language is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous.His sentences are always tell by logic and rhythm, and his structure minutely planned towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively, salient dialogues and other theatrical devices such as suspense, coincidence and unexpectedness. Samuel Johnson Johnson was an energetic and versatile writer. He had a hand in all the different braches of literary activities. He was a poet, dramatist, prose romancer, biographer, essayist, critic, lexicographer and publicist. His chief works include poems London, The Vanity of Human Wishes a romance The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia a tragedy Irene.As a lexicographer, Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English mental lexicon by an EnglishmanA dictionary of the English Language, a gigantic task which Johnson undertook single-handedly and finished in over seven years Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the later eighteenth century. He was very much concerned the theme of the vanity of human wishes almost all of his writings bear this theme. He tried to awaken men to this folly and hoped to cure them of it through his writings.In literary mental hospital and criticism, he was rather conservative, openly showing his dislike for much of the newly rising form of literature and his fondness for those writings which carried a lot of moralizing and philosophizing. He insisted that a writer must adhere to universal truth and experie nce, i. e. Nature he must please, but he must also instruct he must not offend against religion or promote im pietism and he must let himself be guided by old principles. Like Pope, he was particularly fond of moralizing didacticism.So, it is understandable that he was rather pleased with Richardsons Pamela but was contemptuous of Fielding Tom Jones. Johnsons style is typically neoclassical, but it is at the opposite extreme from Swifts simplicity or Addisons neatness. His language is characteristically general, often latinate and frequently polysyllabic his sentences are long and well structured, interwoven with paralled words and phrases. However, no matter how complex his sentences are, the thought is always clearly expressed and though he tends to use wise to(p) words, they are always accurately used.Reading his works gives the reader the impression that he is talking with a very learned man. To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield The letter is regarded as a strong ind ignation of Samuel Johnson at the Earls fame-fishing, for the later coldly refused giving him help when he compiled his dictionary and hypocritically wrote articles to give honeyed words when the dictionary was going to be published. The Earl was a well-known patron of literature at the time, and it remained a rule for writers to get a patron if they wanted to get financial support or make themselves known by public.But this letter of Johnson made a break-through in that tradition implying their independence in economy and writing, and therefore opened a new era in the development of literature. Richard Brinsley Sheridan Sheridan was the only important English dramatist of the eighteenth century. His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy. In his plays, morality is the constant theme.He is much concerned with the curren t moral issues and lashes harshly at the social vices of the day. In The Rivals, a comedy of manners, he is satirizing the traditional practice of the parents to arrange marriages for their children without considering the latters opinion. And in The School for Scandal, the satire becomes even sharper as the characters are exposed scene by scene to their defenselessly nakedness. Sheridans greatness also lies in his theatrical art. He seems to have inherited from his parents a natural ability and inborn knowledge about the theatre.His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a well-versed theatrical man. Though his dramatic techniques are largely conventional, they are exploit to the best advantage. His plots are well organized, his characters, either major or minor, are all sharply drawn, and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony is masterly. Witty dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays. The School for Scandal The comedy of manners, written by R. B. Sheridan, primarily tells a story about two brothers.The elder one Joseph Surface is hypocritical, and the younger one Charles Surface kind, imprudent and spendthrift. Lady Sneerwell, one of the scandal-mongers in the play, instigates Joseph to run after mare, the ward of Sir Peter. But, Joseph, while pursuing Maria, the love of his younger brother, tries to seduce Lady Teazle, the young wife of Sir Peter. Misled by the scandal of Lady Sneerwell and Joseph, Sir Peter Teazle believed Charles was the person who flirted with his wife until one day, Lady Teazle, coming from the screen in Josephs library, made the truth known that person who intended to seduce her was Joseph.Thus, the latters hypocrisy was exposed. At the same time, Sir Oliver Surface, the rich, old uncle of the two brothers, wanted to choose one of them to be his heir. He first visited Charles in the guise of a usurer. Charles sold to him all the fam ily portraits except that of his uncle, and thus won the favor of his uncle. Then he went to Joseph as a poor relative. But Joseph refused giving him any help by saying that he himself was in trouble. For a second time, Josephs hypocrisy was exposed.The play ends with Lady Teazles reconciliation with her husband and Charles winning of the hand of Maria and the inheritance of his uncle. Thomas Gray Although neoclassicism dominated the literary scene in the 18th century, there were poets whose poetry had some elements that deviated from the rules and regulations set down by neoclassicist poets. These poets had grown weary of the artificiality and controlling ideals of neoclassicism. They craved for something more natural and spontaneous in thought and language.In their poetry, emotions and sentiments, which had been repressed, began to play a leading role again. Another factor marking this deviation is the reawakening of an interest in nature and in the natural relation between man an d man. Among these poets, one of the representatives was Thomas Gray. Gray was born in London and educated at Eton and Cambridge, where he, after a grand tour on the Continent, spent the rest of his life. He was first a cuss and 1768 was appointed professor of history and modern languages.On his return from the Continent, he stayed for a short time at Stoke Poges in Bucks, where he first sketched The lamentation Written in a Country Churchyard, though it was finished eight years later in 1750. In contrast to those passkey writers, Grays literary output was small. His masterpiece, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard was published in 1751. the poem once and for all established his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially the Graveyard School. His poems, as a whole, are mostly devoted to a sentimental bereavement or meditation on life, past and present.His other poems include Ode on the spring (1742), Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College (1747), Ode on the death of a Favourite Cat (1748), Hymn to Adversity (1742), and two translations for old Norse The Descent of Odin (1761) and The Fatal Sisters (1761) A conscientious artist of the first rate, Gray wrote late and carefully, painstakingly seeking perfection of form and phrase. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His style is sophisticated and allusive. His poems are often marked with the trait of a highly artificial diction and distorted word order.Selected Reading Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Elegy written in a Country Churchyard is regarded as Grays best and most representative work. The poem is the outcome of about eight years careful composition and polish. It is more or less connected with the melancholy event of the death of Richard West, Grays intimate friend. In this poem, Gray reflects on death, the grieve of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. The poet compares the common folk with the gr eat ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the chance.Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them. The poem abounds in images and arouses sentiment in the bosom of every reader. Though the use of artificial poetic diction and distorted word order make understanding of the poem somewhat difficult, the artistic polishthe sure control of language, imagery, rhythm, and problematical moderation of style and tonegives the poem a unique charm of its own. The poem has been ranked among the best of the eighteenth century English poetry. Selected Reading Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

Middle Range Theory Essay

Cohens article (2010) addresses the fact that the transition from adolescence to adulthood no womb-to-tomb occurs at age 21. Starting in the 1970s the U.S. economy changed from a manufacturing economy to a service-based economy. The results are evident today. This economically driven shift changed how battalion prepared for careers and life. The traditional timing of becoming an adult, marriage, career, children, and financial independence now occurs almost 10 years later than before.Ericksons would research and create a new sequence of eight stages including of development from 10 years up until now. For each specific conflict at each stage, which allows an individual to develop successfully. severally conflict would have to be extended as a result of the change in the economy today. The effect of resolved conflicts are more arrogate as the result the change of adolescent to adulthood no longer occurring to prevent the transition to the next stage of development. Erickson The mo st profound life crisis occurs at the fifth stage of development, which can be characterized by rapid physical growth, sexual maturing, concern about the perception of us by others and search of victor calling.The final stage is also crucial, as people asses their life and their achievements. If a man looks back at his life with few regrets, and feels that it was worth living, it leads to a olfaction of satisfaction. If, on the contrary, the person feels hopeless, reflects on his mistakes, it leads to a feeling of despair. According to Erickson, if a person achieves a sense of wholeness and self-identity, he will not be afraid of death, and this means that this person has reached the highest form of achievements.ReferencesCohen, P. (2010). Long road to adulthood is growing even longer. Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/2010/06/13/us/13generations.html?scp=1&sq=Long%20road%20to%20adulthood&st=cse&_r=0 on September 13, 2014.http//www.nytimes.com/2010/06/13/us/13generations.html?s cp=1&sq=Long%20road%20to%20adulthood&st=cse

Discuss Jane Austen’s portrayal of her central character in the opening chapters of the novel

Emma by Jane Austen can be described as a hearty satire of the Regency Age and was first published in 1816. Austen uses the omniscient narrator to immediately introduce the central character, eponymous heroine Emma Woodhouse, in the break chapter of the novel by describing her as handsome, clever and rich with a comfortable cornerst cardinal and a happy disposition, and saying how she seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence, with very little to distress or vex her. However, Austens use of the word seemed may usher that the reality of Emmas perfect and privileged life may affect her interaction with others and consequently cause her to pass on many flaws payable to the fact that she is good looking, indulged and allowed alternatively too much her own way. Emma may be described as an exception to society in the way that she is a financially independent with a fortune of thirty thousand pounds, a vast amount of money in the Regency age.During this period, many w omen needed to marry for financial stability and some marriages tended to resemble business contracts as opposed to true love because so much was based on this factor. Perhaps Emmas situation means that she may be one of the few women who is able to marry for love as opposed to finance? Austen often portrays Emma as a meddlesome and interfering character in the opening of the novel.These traits really come across when Mr Knightley, Austens voice of reason, discusses Harriets refusal of Mr Martin, an intelligent gentleman-farmer, and blames Emmas influence for her turning down a man who is more than her equal in class and status, factors prestigious to most marriages in the Regency Age. Austen highlights this importance by referring to different social ranks as the first set and the second set. Mr Knightley guides and advises Emma with well-balanced thoughts and advice that genuinely penetrates through her self-deluding personality.Mr Knightley states realistically that Emma is pe rsecute to meddle with Harriet and encourage her to pursue Mr Elton he describes Harriet as not a sensible girl, with no respectable relations illustrating the importance of marrying within the right social class and also a weakness in the character of Emma Woodhouse due to the fact that she manipulates situations to suit what she wants and can sometimes avoid reality if it does not tally with her.This weakness can go on to affect and hurt others, for example raising Harriets hopes and expectations of marrying above her even though this is unlikely to happen. Another character who is trustworthy for Emmas behaviour is her father, Mr Woodhouse. Mr Woodhouse is at fault due to the fact that he is an over indulgent and affectionate father who fails to see weaknesses in his youngest daughters character, therefore being futile to correct her mistakes and teach Emma how to consider other peoples feelings.Emmas father is also described as dearly loved by her but no companion due to his age and distance from her. Emmas loss of her mother may also affect her personality and explain why she has become so strong-willed and independent minded. The exactly female influences she has really benefited from include her sister Isabella who moved out after marrying Mr John Knightley and Mrs Taylor her governess who marries Mr Weston, a match Emma feels she is responsible for creating.As well as existent within a class-conscious society, Emma conforms to the proper and polite tradition of behaviour, regarded highly at the time. When Mr John Knightley and Isabella come to stay, Emmas sense of right, permits that Mr Knightley dines with them. However, Mr Woodhouse is slightly against the inclination that anyone should share with him in Isabellas first day. This sense of right illustrates how Emma feels it is important to act properly and conform to social etiquette in line with what is right. Although Emma is described as a spoiled squirt by John Knightley, Austen also illus trates how self-contained her life is on Isabellas visit. Emma urges them not to talk of the sea because it makes her miserable and envious as she has never seen it. Emmas life seems circled near little more than painting and playing the piano and this may be why she feels the need to meddle with other peoples relationships for her own amusement. Overall, Austen introduces many themes and social rules and regulations along with the introduction of Emma Woodhouse.Emma seems to be a very lucky and privileged individual although she does not always make the best of her advantageous situation causing her to have an arrogant and self-righteous side to her personality. Emmas situation is not normal and her fortune sets her aside from other women as she does not need to marry for the sake of financial gain and security, this sets her aside from being an accurate reflection of social interaction of the times. However, Emmas conformity when it comes to social class rules and etiquette illu strates the class conscious society of Regency England and the importance of propriety.

Miles Davis Research Paper

The King of Jazz Im always view about creating. My future starts when I wake up every morning. Everyday I find something creative to do with my life (Davis 4). Miles Davis is the individual that made fill out the way it is today. Miles Davis shut up is a leading and influential figure in jazz ( Davis 1). When most people hear the word trumpet, they automatically picture Miles. His spiritual personality and his bizarre characteristics, make him a legend in the music scene. Davis explored many different sides of jazz, and went out of his way to be different.Growing up in St. Louis, he picked up the trumpet at a very young age. Shortly after picking up the trumpet, he enrolled at Julliard School of Music. After cardinal years at Julliard, he left and started his career. His success escalated quickly (Davis 1). Miles Davis should be considered ane of the most influential jazz musicians because of his weird traits, his ability to bring up young musicians, and his creation of many st yles in Jazz. Many people that Miles associated with speak of his interesting personality. He forced himself to hang with different crowds of people. Miles always seemed full of energy, and fervency when I talked to him. His words always had meaning, deep meaning (Hentoff, Nat). These weird traits are what make Miles, Miles Davis. I was a weird son of a bitch. Always facial expression the strangest things to Diz. He would always just look at me with this dumb stare. The cat eventually learned to not ask me questions no more (Miles, 2). Miles Mckinney 2 talks about his interesting personality in his own autobiography. Davis was an interesting man, with many strengths and weaknesses, which eventually wrecked his life.His drug life was terrible it was making him act weird, and wear out traits that he wouldnt have normally taken on. The different drugs I was taking was messing me up. Even my idols looked down on me. They was disappointed at me, and the decisions I was making, says m iles in his autobiography (Miles 2). Miles was well known for many things he said and did. His personality result live on, as well as his music. Different musicians were always going away in and out of Daviss banding. He would always have the youngest, hotshot player in the area he was living in.All of the people that Miles was playing with brought something unfermented to their sound. If he didnt give care the way they played, or if they didnt bring anything new and complex to the table, Miles would have them out of there in an instant (Miles, 5). Kenny Garrett was only 18 when he started playing with Miles. I met Dr. Garrett in February of 2012, and got the chance to ask him many questions about his experience with Miles Davis. When I asked about his experience with Miles, he replied with an reaction that was powerful. Playing with Miles was unlike anything I have ever experienced in my life.Every note meant something to him. When we were playing, there was energy unlike no other. If he didnt like the way you were playing something, he would let you know exactly how to fix it. I learned more than I ever have before, playing with him, replied Dr. Garrett when I spoke with him. He had the ability to make a musician grow, and develop unlike anyone. Although he gave them freedom, he allowed them to develop into fine musicians. He was an inspiration to them, and watched as they succeeded (Hentoff, Nat). Mckinney 3 Miles was at the forefront of many different eras of Jazz.Because all of the people in and out of his band, he always had a new sound. The different sounds that his band produced, called for new eras in jazz (PBS, 5). The most important style of jazz that Miles lead was Cool Jazz. His quartet, with the help of Charlie Parker, got heavy into bebop music. This style was astray copied around the United States, and became huge. Later in his life, Davis was big into the electric side of music. He recruited electric piano player Chick Corea, and his ba nd sounded unlike anything other. He started bringing in guitar players, and really used technology as a catalyst in his music (Miles, 5).In his career, Miles went through so many stages and styles. You can bear in mind to his music, and tell what year the album was recorded. These vast eras that he was a part of makes him an extremely influential musician. Although Miles struggled with different obstacles in his life, he should still be considered one of the most influential people of all time. Many of the things he did in the old days, still live on in the music scene today. not only did he have a unique personality but also was a fine teacher, and formed new styles of jazz in his playing.His songs still blast in many peoples homes, and his licks are still played by many musicians today. His most famous album, Kind of Blue, recorded and released in 1959, still sells five-hundred g-force copies a year. Davis died on September 28th 1991, in Santa Monica, California (PBS, 5). He di ed doing what he loved, and did best. His name, and his music will continue to touch people every day. Miles Davis will live on, in a legendary manor. He is by far one of the most influential people to have walked on this earth.

Master International Business Essay

poses play key roles in the upbringing of children. But in the recent times two p atomic number 18nts are getting busy with professional life. Who in your opinion should take the responsibility of child care now?Theres no denying how main(prenominal) a role the mother plays in the upbringing of her children. But torn by modern economics, mothers are leaving home for professional practice, raising the move who now takes care of the children? In my belief, though, all efforts to replace the proverbial mother are destined to be futile.Observing Nature, scientifically or otherwise, tells us that cosmos a mother, if it were a social role, is ideally possible by the child bearing female and others may only be nurses or patrons. The physiological and mental exclusiveness of the mother means all the other social entities and all the greatness of intuition and civilization can only supplement, and never replace, her part in the upbringing of children. Any one else trying to don her rol e is evidently unnatural.But of course there is opinion in the contrary also. Modern science flaunts its age old practice of replicating nature and natural processes. Now more than ever humans and their society are evolving frequently against the tide of Nature, and civilization sustains this evolution. such evolution has also effected the socio-economic distinction of men and women. Now in the industry women are producing as much as men do. So women are better off in the house is no longer true.While such human evolution is true and should morally be supported, going against Mother Nature, when were clearly not in a position to, is immoral. Science has not yet found a biological and psycho-social alternative for the natural mother. And trance g peculiarityer equality is great, it never means fusion of the two poles of our species. I dont believe science never has strived to eliminate sex because it is simply impracticable. So men and women, so uniformly productive as they recent ly are, dont have to utilize their worth in the same end of civilization.

Medieval castles

Castles of the nitty-gritty Ages In the 1 lth century, forts were served as the homes and fortresses of monarchs or nobles. They were as well huge protection camps for the kings they included every kindhearted of defense known to medieval man. Anything from a moat, to murder holes, to arrow loops and this was each for the dearty and protection of royalty. Overtime, the stuff and nonsense used to build these castles improved by the matter of defense. Their purpose was extremely causeable and a curse to many, but it was the private esidence of a king, not however for his families, but his dependents as well.Castles were built mainly on steep hills or even on cliffs, they were surrounded by wooden palisades and had many tactics of defense. With all of these strategies built into the castles, it was nearly impossible for enemies or intruders to trespass. However, castles werent always built so sturdy, or such a great idea at that matter, they used to be do of wood and earth. When commonwealth realized how overmuch easier it was for them to be destroyed simply by being burned to the ground, they were then pgraded to stone and led.Castles were rarely made to be a comfortable place to live, since their purpose was for safety. The average castle had over 20 elbow rooms, and not one was made for comfort. The Ground Floor commonly was nevertheless the kitchen and the storage room, the first floor was unremarkably known as The Great Hall used for celebrations and ballroom dances, and the top floors were occupied by the superior and his family members. The dungeon however, is the room most people are curious about. It was a room usually hardened underground under a tower.This room was ntended for keeping prisoners, and in the most extreme scenarios, used for torture. The reason for the location of the dungeon was because the screams and cries were hardly ever heard. The castles also contained small personal chapels but this was the only room that anybod y was able to visit since the Medieval Christian Church took over the everyday lives and religious views of all people its purpose was for invocation and asking god for forgiveness. These chapels were often built with a horizontally divided nave and were usually two stories high.The nobles and dignitaries sat in the upper level and the servants would sit in the lower levels of the chapel. The chapel was mayhap the most perfectly furnished, richly decorated, and colorful room in the building. Since the time spent on prayer was expected four times a day, the chapel was occupied upon rising, at noon, in the evening, and before bedtime. They also consisted of crystal-like windows, which each had a meaning or story to it. Whether it was an image of God, The Virgin Mary, or even Just the angels in whom they believed were everywhere watching over them.The outside of the castle wasnt so pretty however, it may get under ones skin seemed nice and peaceful from the outside but it was quite a surprise for others who attempted to trespass. It all starts when the king or lord places 14-year-old boys under the supervision of knights so they can learn a thing or two about chivalry, how to defend themselves with a sword, how to ride the horses into the battles, and so forth these along with watchmen, guards, knights, and a gatekeeper to open up the main door.They each had their own positions and their own skills to rely on, some were trained rossbowmen, archers, lancers, and some Just had swords to defend themselves. The castle guards had to use all day in prior of a castle and staying alert. Even though these castles were made of stone, there were still a couple of possibilities that the enemy couldVe destroyed at least a part of the castle if they intended to, but it was rarely accomplished considering how difficult it was.Not only were courageous men securing the building, but they were even made in a way that it would force the attackers to spend more time and money trying to destroy it. The first line of defense toward an enemy and his clustering were the archers at the top of the castle. These men launched incendiary arrows with their bows, making the enemys wooden catapults engulf in flames. Along with that, the certify line of defense was the lancers. They were men, with a sword-like weapon, riding on their horses fighting through the opposing crowd divergence around the building, taking out those who were a threat to the castle.Last but not least, the knights were the soldiers that were, most of the time, ositioned at the front of the gate and drawbridge. Their weapons were usually swords and axes and their suits were made of armor, hence the reason they were strategically positioned near the gates in strip of any attackers that got too close. There was a lot of effort and money put into these castles to get them to be almost indestructible and they were no doubt an important lifestyle to royalty. They were the palaces of the nobles an d the monarchs they were a place for the kings family and dependents to feel safe and powerful.

Research Proposal Sample on Vodafone Uk Customer Satisfaction

In the job industry, it is of the essence(p) to gather customer to make the product and serve sold. Therefore, keeping a customer is difficult in the dividing line when it is in the starting stage. A vocation organization will find it harder to find prospective and leal customer when operating abroad. And because of the economic problem that many countries atomic number 18 facing now, another ch solelyenge was bring round how to keep the customer? The Customer Satisfaction The customer happiness is a commercial enterprise enterprise term that measures how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation.It is seen as a pigment performance indicator within business. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy1. Every businesss mission is making the customers as their original priority. In accordance to this, the business must fill or serve the satisfaction of their customers according to what preferences that the market is demanding for.For an instance, if the business is in the diet industry and the customers wants different variations of soup then, the management must look forward to create sumptuous dishes. some(a) business use different approach in leading their customers in the satisfactory stage wish making special for their valued customer or raffle promo or making a sale for some products, anything that will catch the customers attention and at the end bringing the profit and customers trusts.The business literally promotes their product with the use of their customer because if one customer felt great to their product or enjoyed the service, he/she will make it on the broadcast among with their friends. The value of customers in the business is very high and so the business postulate to find impressions to keep them coming back to their establishment. In the case of finding such market in the other country, is wish finding a needle in a vast gassy meadow. It is hard when the business is new to the eye of the customers. It is hard when the business is not prepared in approaching the customers well.It is hard when the business has many competitors in the area. The need for adjustment is highly acceptable. And because of these issues that surround the business industry, the proper guidance is highly appreciated. The Vodafone case outhouse be a basis in maculation the customers interest. The Vodafone Vodafone UK has much than than 17 million customers and is demote of the worlds largest mobile community. Vodafones leadership in mobile voice and data communications has continued, thanks largely to its focus on developing its brand and customer experience2.In this big company, obtaining the respect of the customers is not new to them. just about oddly, the Vodafone is a technology-based business and the impact of acceptance is expectedly high. But even a good business like Vodafone still needs to assess their customers and answer every question of their customer. They also consider many opinions and hint coming from their customers so that, the evidence in the growing customer acceptance make their gross reach the highest every year. However, the challenge is still there in every kind of business. Customers quarrelVodafone is constantly looking for new ways to drive interaction and enhance the service that we offer to our customers, epoch at the same time making the life of our people simpler and more rewarding. However, Vodafone recognized that it was not differentiating the needs of its in- storage customers or allocating store employees according to their areas of expertise. This meant waiting times could be lengthy and the level of service provided alter on the store employees area of expertise. So, Vodafone introduced a re-branding program aimed at improving the customer expedition in store, as well as di fferentiating Vodafone from its competitors.Based on the macro planning principles of Organize me, train me, the key components of the refit included greater automation in-store, the option for self-service through kiosks, and footfall counters to jumper lead the volume of customers in-store and optimize the customer flow. Benefits to the Customer Improve the customer experience customers now have more time to browse the store and choose how to obtain, so everyone benefits from faster and more efficient service, in a more relaxed atmosphere. This has led to a considerable uplift in customer satisfaction. Increase performance optimized stores pass other stores. Average contract volumes have increased with average upgrade volumes also increasing. Minimize business disruption systems availability is enhanced, with a substantial reduction in support calls and improvement in first time fixes, increasing sales opportunities Maximize profit margins self-service signifi masstly r educes the cost of sale especially amongst core pre-pay customers Enhance productivity automation of commodity purchases enables faster transaction times and frees up resources to help other customers.The number of customers leaving stores without seeing an advisor is also declining Reduce support costs orient services and removing duplicate effort and resources has cut costs, while increasing the overall level of support optimise resource deployment increased management information, such as customer numbers, waiting times and sales variation figures, is helping to track and measure the customer experience in-store and enable staffing roles to be prepared to reflect store and customer requirements.The Business Case for Measuring Impacts The nature of multinational business is complex, shaped by globalisation and rapid socio-economic and political change. Sustainability issues are increasingly contributing to this complexity, not least climate change, resource constraints, autochthonic poverty and ecosystem degradation.Committing to create a more sustainable and inclusive form of globalisation and the following are the key objectives3 Develop a deeper understanding of how global issues such as poverty, the environment, demographic change and globalization furbish up individual companies and sectors Use the understanding of these issues to search for more inclusive business solutions that help to comprehend the issues at both a local and global scale Align core business strategies with the solutions determine Incorporate long-term measures into the definition of supremacy, targeting profitability that is sustainable and supported by a responsible place down in managing social, environmental and employment matters. The Business in Developing Countries Companies recognize the risks and opportunities their operations face in developing countries and the important role they play in influencing change.They rely on transparent legal systems, over ture to markets and infrastructure services, social stability, healthy and skilled employees and suppliers, as well as consumers willing and able to purchase their products and services. While these conditions are critical for business growth and success, the benefits resulting from the presence of multinational business and the associated in-flows of capital may not reach all sectors of society. The consequence can be a thriving middle and pep pill class while the low-income segment gets left behind. This can lead to strained relations between business and the communities associated with their activities, increased scrutiny from civil society organizations and greater levels of political pressure from local and national governments, all of which can increase commercial risks for investors3. ConclusionThe importance of customer in one business can affect the operation of a multinational company most especially in the developing countries. The success of a multinational company can make an additional growth in their own economy. acquire the heart of the customers are essential to keep the business moving. Although there are many factors that can affect a business that is new in the face of the foreign country, the main strategy that the study can add is to look for a customer that has a same nationality of the business. For example, the American business is new to Japan, therefore, the business should target their very own race first before entering the Japanese culture and became part of their life.References1. Gitman, L & McDaniel, C., (2005). The Future of Business The Essentials. Mason, Ohio South-Western. ISBN 0324320280. 2. Vodafone Case in Customer Satisfaction (n.d.). Online Available at http//www.fujitsu.com/uk/casestudies/fs_vodafone-customersatisfaction.html Accessed 14 Aug 2009.3. Impact Beyond the Bottom Line (2008). WBCBD. Online Available at http//www.wbcsd.org/web/projects/sl/MIbeyondthebottomline.pdf Accessed 14 Aug 2009. Read more http//ivy thesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/08/research-proposal-sample-on-vodafone-uk-customer-satisfaction.htmlixzz1Es0Qh2Bk